World-Renowned Physicist: The Truth About Aliens! UFOs Are Definitely Robotic - Michio Kaku

Immortality is tantalizing close and you think it's possible within the laws of physics and biology Yeah, in fact, we know that there's a clock in our body called the telomers that tracks how long we're going to live and There's something called telomerase which stops the clock which means that we can live forever That's the good news, but the bad news was we found out that cancer also uses telomers and telomerase to live forever And so the question is can we apply that to humans without waking up the cancers But this is a science fiction. This is the future and for 71 years you've been studying physics and how science will shape human destiny So how is life likely to be different in the future? Well, decade by decade We see the enormous progress that we humans have made for example We'll probably be on the moon maybe on tomorrow's and also the artificial intelligence will help us to cure cancer and many diseases However, for the first time in human history We have the potential. I'm destroying ourselves with designer germs, nuclear weapons, perhaps artificial intelligence Like this is a quantum computer. This is so powerful that even the CIA is worried about the fact that these could break into any known computer Including banks even Bitcoin. That's right. So capitalism with banished society would come to a halt And what about humanoid robots? I would look seriously at the possibility of merging with them so that we don't have a civil war Realize that at the edge of a knife you tilt at the wrong way and there's world's war You tilt it the other way and there's food and luxury for everyone and it's up to us to decide which way the knife will go Dr. Michio Kaku I've waited a long time to ask someone these questions Where do you believe we came from? Do you think it's plausible that in fact we are living in a simulation And then is there any evidence when we look out at the stars that there is Non-human life out there. Okay, so first of all Guys, I've got a favor to ask before this episode begins It's the algorithm if you follow a show will deliver you the best episodes from that show very prominently in your feed So when we have our best episodes on this show the most shared episodes the most rated episodes I would love you to know and the simple way for you to know that is to hit that follow button But also it's the simple easy free thing that you can do to help us make this show better I would be hugely grateful if you could take a minute on the app you're listening to this one right now and hit that follow button Thank you so so so much Doctor Michio Kaku that's right For anyone that isn't aware of you and your work And they're wondering whether they should listen to what you have to say today because they don't know your work And they've not gone through the the books and the interviews that you've done How would you describe your experience? I work in something called string theory Which we think is the theory that alluded Einstein for the last 30 years of his life the theory of everything The theory that explains the big bang the formation of stars galaxy Formation of the earth life. I'm a physicist working in the theory of everything What is the theory of everything and equation perhaps no more than one inch long That will allow us to quote read the mind of God These are Einstein's words the theory of the big bang the theory of creation itself the theory of of everything I want to explain this in terms that even the most sort of novice viewer can understand the theory of everything is Is an equation that explains everything physics? No, no, no everything because from physics comes chemistry comes chemistry comes biology And from that comes our universe is it things like gravity and space and time gravity light The nuclear force There are four fundamental forces of the universe. There's the gravitational force which keeps us here The electromagnetic force which lights up our world and the two nuclear forces We want a theory that explains all four you know when people watch your interviews and they read your books What do you think is the fundamental question that they're typically seeking to answer? What does it mean for me? What does what mean for me the physics of the future That is we physicists create the future. We're the ones who understand what is possible What is not possible and what is plausible? How does that affect the average person? And there's an element of all of us that's just trying to figure out How we got here where our place is in The universe Yeah, especially for people who are philosophical or religious They want to know what is it all mean. I mean, where did I come from? What where's the universe going? They want to know the answer to the big questions the question of meaning And that's what we physicists do And they want to know if we're alone in the universe. Oh, yeah, that too. That's a byproduct of what we do is look for extraterrestrial intelligence You've been doing this for many many decades now You've been studying the nature of the universe and physics. Is that a fundamental misunderstanding that you're aware of that the average person Still believes Yeah, the people think that physics is for eggheads that is just doing equations on a blackboard And totally divorced from the average person They don't realize that everything about their life About electricity about magnetism about the nuclear force about industry Everything comes from physics But the average person thinks that it physics is for eggheads. It's for equations. You put on a blackboard in a cartoon Nope, it's everywhere In the last couple of weeks you've been asked to do lots of interviews because Trump has released the UFO files that's right before we get into lots of other subjects and physics generally Probably start by just tackling this question head on Do you think that we are alone in the universe? No We're not alone because the galaxy has a hundred billion stars Of which maybe ten percent have planets that are earth-like or are similar to earth But the question is can they visit us? A Saturn 5 rocket would take 70,000 years just to reach the nearest star Hopskip and a jump 70,000 years So a civilization that could reach the earth Would be hundreds thousands of years more advanced than us So I'm a physicist we look at that Space warps. Is it possible that a flying saucer race could Create a space warp so they can visit us space warp bending space is not possible Well gravity bends space all the time the question is can you bend space enough So then you can go faster than the speed of light so you can visit the nearest star That's a question mark. We physicists look at that But we have no definite answer But it's it's possible So when these people say that you know, I had a podcast recently where two people explained to me that there's been some very unusual sightings of UAPs And they use this as evidence to say that aliens exist Mm-hmm Do you think those sightings are actually extra terrestrial life would you think it's just people hallucinating and seeing I don't know Light orbs and misunderstanding what they're looking at Well, there are three types of observations the close encounters are the first kind Is when you see something in the sky first kind Close encounters are the second kind Is when you have something tangible an engine A body a wreckage of a UAP That's second kind Close encounters are the third kind is when you actually encounter them and shake their hand Now where are we? We're at close encounters are the first kind Well, we see things floating in the sky, but we don't know what they are. We don't have anything tangible Now in science fiction We've captured the flying saucer. We have the aliens in a case or so what that's the movies We have yet to see an alien in in the laboratory. We have yet to see an alien ship In other words people say I saw something Now, what does that mean? I'm a physicist. We go where the We go where the observation goes and we have no observations to verify what you saw Except of course sensationalists who say I've seen the bodies. Okay show us So from the eye conclude that you don't believe Alien life has arrived here enough I'm open to the possibility 95% of the sightings we can we can Explain using the known laws of physics 5% are either optical illusions or they are evidence of visitation. You can't rule that out So I'm open to the idea that maybe they're here now President Trump has released the first mountain load of 160 encounters of alien technology we think But we had been yet seen a close encounter of the second kind when that happens that's the game changer Well, we have a piece of a UFO hardware that would that would nail into the wall right there It's the narrative that the US government or generally governments around the world wouldn't want the people to know About aliens because they're not ready for it. Do you buy that? That's the traditional Excuse for not revealing these things But the other excuse is there is a cover. It's a cover for the stealth bomber It's a cover for the fact that the military does experiment with aerodynamically novel forms of transport And so those are the reasons why the military keeps it a secret and actually lies about these things But now that it's leaking out Congress the president of the United States They're demanding these these Sightings to be declassified So we physicists now are analyzing them to see whether or not they're really real or not Is there any evidence when we look out at the stars that there is Non-human life out there is there anything that you've seen When you look at other planets and how they're operating that might suggest there's a different type of life there Oh, yeah, but there's no tangible evidence where it yet though give me one example Well, for example, they could look at Alpha Centauri the closest star system to the planet earth, right? How far away is the foreign half light years And if you take a look at the Alpha Centauri system the closest system to the earth you have red red stars That could could have life on them. We're not sure. They're not super hot Super large in which case it will be very difficult to get life forms off the ground But the point of raising is that the Milky Way galaxy our backyard has a hundred billion stars And the probability of life existing among those stars is on almost a hundred percent The question is can they reach us that means is it possible to create a space war such that you can rate the light barrier So that you can travel across the galaxy and visit the earth and did you say that was theoretically possible? It's theoretically possible. Yeah, but of course you need energy fantastic amounts of energy But the laws of physics do a lot for the possibility of space warps I mean you've seen space warps on Star Trek But where does Star Trek get the word space warps? It comes from physics I also had you telling um, I think it was Joe Rogan you were telling a story of one particular Star that In its intensity by 20 percent Yeah, there is a star that that oscillates. What does that mean? So it drops by about 20 percent So it's it's it's reducing. It's a light output by 20 percent. That's right. How often We don't have to wait for centuries is within a matter of a month to years A star that reduces frequently reduces. It's light output by 20 percent. Yeah, which is very unusual It's the only one we saw is what you've seen so far you explained one of the theories I think when you first talked about this was that a civilization might have built something around that star Oh, yeah, that's one of several theories that a civilization that advanced would have tremendous energy needs And the easiest way to get energy is by encircling the mother star with an envelope And the envelope then would absorb most of the energy In fact, that was an episode of Star Trek They meet a star that is totally enveloped by a metal shell the aliens left it Centuries ago But you know, it can't be ruled out the theory goes that an advanced civilization will surround it with like a metal sphere to capture its energy Yeah, and that would explain why we see a 20 percent reduction in the Light output and no they think that it's probably an orbiting an orbiting globe That eclipses the mother star Rather than envelops the mother star it simply goes around the mother star and eclipses it Oh, so it'd be like a big bowl that that circles the star extracting itself And then we cause a dip Because a dip in the intensity of light as far as we see it as far as we see it right because this big bowl is sometimes moving in front That's right exactly why couldn't it just be a planet Plans are not that big planets are about about one percent like Jupiter is about one percent the size of the Sun So the Sunlight would drop by about one or two percent if Jupiter goes in front of our Sun Oh, I've got you So this is much is huge You've um You've written a lot of books About the universe and physics and everything in between I've waited a long time to ask someone this question and it's a very broad question and the question is Where do you believe that we came from Where do you believe that life came from where where do you believe this universe came from Well, the universe came from the big bang the question is where did the big bang come from right Okay, so what is the big bang a big bag is a cosmic explosion that took place around 14 or so billion years ago That Created the expanding universe How do we know that happened because we have evidence of this expansion that took place You know 14 or so billion years ago. We see the stars moving away from us So think of a big balloon the big balloon with Points of light on the balloon and the balloon is expanding and the stars are moving away from each other That's what we see today not moving toward each other all the stars are moving away from each other like this fear is expanding And so we believe in the in the the big bang theory and we believe that the universe is expanding rather than contracting Expanding into what hyper space What's that? Well, we live in a four-dimensional universe three dimensions of space One dimension of time we live in a in a four-dimensional universe But in string theory we believe that there were 11 dimensions altogether string theory is something that you Came up with I came up with string field theory, which is one of the branches of string theory, right? And what is string theory string theory Says that what is a proton what is an electron? There's nothing but vibrations of a string So from a distance This looks like a point particle or distance. This is an electron But if you could magnify that we find that it's not really a point at all It's really a vibrating string and each vibration corresponds to a node So this would be a proton This would be an electron This would be a neutron. This would be a neutrino That's why we have so many subatomic particles Okay, so to simplify this in a way that I understand you're saying that at the very base layer Particles are the same, but they're just strings that are basically vibrating differently That's right and that would be the sort of foundational matter of everything that's right Everything is basically a vibrating string So when the string vibrates in this direction we call it an electron The vibrates in this way we call it a proton So why do we have so many subatomic particles? How many of them are there? Hundreds we've seen hundreds of subatomic particles And how could Mother Nature be so malicious to create a universe at the fundamental level based on hundreds of different kinds of Of strings vibrating in different directions Well, it's really just one string One string that can vibrate in different modes each mode is called a particle. Why does it need to be a string? We don't know why things are we just My physicist we just try to figure out the way things really are But if we explain why there's so many particles We used to think there was an electron a proton and neutron and that's it. That's it period Nope We've seen pymesons. We've seen lambda particles omega particles Hundreds of subatomic particles. Why do we build atom smashers? Outside Chicago outside Geneva huge gigantic amsmatchers smashing out of the part why Because then from the debris we begin to figure out these vibrations our particles We can categorize them we can give them names and that gives us a quote a theory of everything So we have what is called the standard model which explains all the subatomic particles other than gravity And it and we create these particles with their atom smashers Which is the big machines where they fire atoms at each other in in Geneva and so on around the world That's right. That's a large neutron collider right but now we realize that there's another octave There's another layer even beyond what we see with the large neutron collider dark matter Dark matter is invisible matter that surrounds the Milky Way galaxy And we don't know what it is. There's a Nobel Prize waiting for somebody who could figure out what dark matter is It's invisible matter It's invisible matter that surrounds the entire Milky Way galaxy We think that we cannot yet prove there is nothing but the next octave What do you mean by octave vibration then there is this would be the lowest vibration which is co-coresponsored electron But there are other vibrations much bigger And they they would correspond to a higher octave How do we know it's there if it's invisible well this a guess But it turns out that when you do the math and you look at the vibration of a string And you look at the higher vibrations some of them are invisible in other words they don't interact with light Now we know that this interacts with light before we can see it the table but these are the lowest vibrations Some of the higher vibrations are invisible And so we think that's what dark matter is I guess this will comes back to the question we're talking about the big bang You know scientists tend to agree that there was some kind of big bang because when you look at the universe it's expanding outward So one would if you rewind time at some point there was a central Point where something Where a big explosion occurred if you reverse time I mean it begs the question What caused the big bang? Well, we don't know but there are theories String theory is a theory even before the big bang It's a theory of everything The big bang in some sense is a misnomer because it disguised the fact that we're ignorant We're ignorant that would cause the thing to bang String theory there was no bang That is it did collapse if you go backwards in time It did collapse with a very small thing and then came out again it bounced Okay So we think that there could be a bubble bath of universes What do you mean by a bubble bath of universe? Our universe is a bubble of some sort and the bubble is expanding and that's called the big bang theory Which fits all the data but we think there are other bubbles out there In other words string theory Says that we live not just in a four-dimensional world but in a 11-dimensional world These other dimensions we cannot see But we think that the universe coexist with other universes There's a bubble bath Think of bubbles, soap bubbles floating in the vacuum What about bubbles? So when you're talking about bubbles You know Could you do that kind of like this? Right, okay, give me the big bang One of them All right, okay So let's say this is the sun And these are planets, asteroids, whatever And they're going around, they're going around the sun Why? Why are they going around the sun like that? Okay It's because this exerts gravitational force That is pulling these things toward toward the sun The earth is just one Asteroids are done with the other Saturn and Jupiter They're nothing but planets going around the mother star And so then the next question is why Why is it that planets are going around the sun? It's because the sun is warping the space around it Is creating a shallow depression Space is not flat, this is Einstein's achievement You go in this direction, seems flat You go in this direction, everything seems to be flat, right But no, the earth, for example, is round But it looks flat, but it's not The universe looks flat But it's not, it's curved And that's why planets go around the mother star Because gravity is the bi-product of the warping of space And that's why we are sitting on this chair right now Why are we here? How come we're not flying in outer space? The earth is spinning, right? And the earth is spinning, we should be flung out into outer space So how come we're here? Gravity Grab what? What is gravity though? That's just a word, right? It's just because the mass of the earth is so much greater than us that it pulls us in Okay, well, why is it pulling us in? Einstein says that the reason why the earth is pulling us in Is because the earth warps the space around us And is pushing us into the floor That's why the solar system works the way it does Because the sun grabs the planets And forces the planets to move in a curved line Because it's curved space that is causing it to move this way And going about to what you were saying about the bubble-buff idea Right Then the question is are there other stars? Yes, there are the galaxies There are billions and billions of planets out there We think that the whole shabang is curved We're not even in happiness on the skin of this gigantic bubble Now we're saying that maybe there are other bubbles out there A multiverse A multiverse of universes, parallel universes In fact, where multiverse has gotten into the literature Comic books now referred to the multiverse Spider-man and things like that So it's even part of the vernacular The common language of the average person That we believe in parallel universes So yeah, these parallel universes come from physics And the other thing that comes from physics is black holes That's right If this star becomes so massive That its gravity is so great That it pulls the entire shabang in Like this And then that would be a black hole And we now believe that at the center of almost every galaxy we see And there are trillions of galaxies We think that at the center of these galaxies there's a black hole Even all galaxies in the Milky Way Even our galaxy, right If you look in the direction of Sagittarius The constellation Sagittarius There's a black hole there So tonight go outside Look for the constellation Sagittarius And there's a black hole At the center of our own backyard That holds the Milky Way galaxy together So how did it get there? Well, we think that it's a remnant of the big bang That when the big bang was exploded Clusters of matter began to contract other clusters of matter And this is where the galaxies and the planets come from The condensation of the matter ejected out of the big bang Gives you the galaxies, the solar systems and the planets So if I use this as an example There was the big bang and all the pieces flew everywhere And then because of gravity the pieces came together And they got so so so big so much mass That they collapsed inwards We're not sure exactly which came first The galaxy came first or the black hole came first But let's assume for the moment that the black hole came first Gas concentrated into a small area called the black hole And then it drew all the other stars in galaxy around it To create the Milky Way galaxy We're not sure but that's one possibility of where it came from And where did that come from? That in turn came from the explosion that created the universe Roughly 14 billion years ago Am I right in thinking black holes they are extremely dense Like areas of matter and if you were to go near one Everything that goes near it gets sucked in That's right and you never get out again If this is a black hole there is a ring or a sphere surrounding it A point of no return You go towards the black hole and you pass this this ring And then you go into the black hole never to be seen again It's a point of no return How do we know that? Well we've never seen it happen but we can calculate the escape velocity In other words if you want to leave the earth How fast do you have to move to leave the earth? Seven miles per second Our astronauts travel seven miles per second to reach the moon That's called escape velocity So every gravitating piece of matter has an escape velocity For the earth is seven miles per second What about the escape velocity of a black hole? It's a speed of light That's why if you fall through the event horizon of a black hole You never come out Because otherwise you would have to go faster than the speed of light Which is not possible So you go in but you never come out That's why it's called black holes What's in there? If you knew you'd win a Nobel Prize This area has loads and loads of mass inside it It's sucking things into it So one would assume that there was a lot inside there But it's tiny right? Black holes are tiny We don't know how big they are We think at the very center it could be very small We're not sure No one's ever been there Because if you go past the event horizon You never come out again What do people think is inside a black hole Because I'm thinking of it's just this area in space That looks black on a when you look at it And think it can suck in planets Anything If I were to take a guess I would say that it's an entrance It's a gateway Perhaps to another universe We think for example If I have a warp space and you fall into warp space If the warp space is powerful enough It may come out again on the other side So there may be another universe on the other side of a black hole We're not we're not sure of course If you want to go to Alpha Centaurin With a Saturn V rocket It would take 70,000 years To reach the nearest star With our most powerful rocket Perim practical You need a shortcut And that's that's the gateway called a wormhole Which is very similar to a black hole A little bit different But very similar How long have you been studying physics in the universe now? Since I was eight years old I've been studying the universe 71 years Yeah when I was eight years old A great scientist had just died It was in all the newspapers And the newspaper said that he failed On his last try To create a theory of everything So I was fascinated by this idea That his man was attempting to find the final theory You're talking about Einstein That's right Later I found out the man's name was Albert Einstein And at that point he said to myself That's for me That's what I want to work on I want to be part of this great journey To complete Einstein's dream of a theory of everything And that's what I do for a living I work with Einstein's equations So for 71 years you've been Trying to understand the universe and create this theory for everything In that time How is your perspective on God Developed Yes Most of my family were Buddhists Coming from Japan But my father was a Christian And put me in Sunday school So I had the benefit of two religions as a child Now I'm a physicist And physicists are, quote, agnostic They don't take a position They simply go where the physics takes them Into areas that are distasteful, mysterious Whatever You go where the evidence goes And that's what I am today In other words, we have the laws of physics We have string theory Which takes us to the instant of the Big Bang It even before Even before the creation of the universe But then the next question is Where does string theory come from Okay At that point we have to say that that's where our ignorance takes over We simply don't know What about simulation theory Do you think it's plausible That in fact we are living in a simulation I would say the answer is probably no Probably no That's right Simulation theory is basically Saying that the universe is a puppet show And there's a script We're we're living out the script Because someone is pulling our strings First of all that violates quantum theory Quantum theory believes in our probabilities Probabilities that I'm sitting here today Probabilities that maybe one day I'll go into outer space We can calculate the probabilities of atomic events Chemical events with accuracy that is incredible But simulation theory is not one of them The theory which was proposed by philosopher Nick Bostrom Says that there's three possibilities logically either number one That human-like civilizations always destroy themselves Before they get to the point where they can do advanced hyper realistic simulations And if you think about things like I know virtual reality at the moment or video games And you imagine them on a spectrum If they just get one percent better a year At some point they are indistinguishable From this reality that we're experiencing now So theory one we wipe ourselves out Before we get to the point where we're advanced enough In hyper realistic simulations Theory number two or possibility number two Is that advanced civilizations do exist But they have zero interest in simulating their ancestors Which would be us Or theory number three is that we are simulation And civilizations do survive and they do run millions of simulations Because there would be millions of fake universes And only one can be base reality in this scenario And the mathematical odds are incredibly high That we are currently living inside one of those simulations And not in base reality Well my personal point of view is There's option four That you don't mention And option four is that there is no simulation at all That all this talk is nothing but fairy tales Fairy tales that we tell our children To amaze them about the universe But you see the universe is based on our probabilities Probabilities that uranium will fire for example Which gives us nuclear weapons Probability that hydrogen can fuse and that gives us stars So the universe is based on our probabilities Not on simulations Do you think what we're seeing This is a strange question to ask Because again, there's so many definitions within it But do you think what we're seeing is real Like do you think this is You know because people do psychedelic drugs And I hear about things like DMT You inhale a little bit of smoke And suddenly everything you see Is different And you meet people talk about how they've met Other types of life when they've taken an inhale of DMT They've interacted with some type of other life form So I guess all this is to say that if our perceived reality is that fragile Where we inhale one of smoke And suddenly we're amongst a different life form Then it makes us question whether this Is real at all And also like I just to extend it a little bit further If one inhalation of smoke And I guess you can think about that as a bunch of small particles Can interrupt something in my brain That causes me to believe that I'm in a different universe Then doesn't that prove That my reality is just The projection of a very fragile small amount of particles That are right now lined up So that I see you and this Well I think the answer to that is that What you consider to be reality Is really a partial fiction That your senses are limited by what your senses can retrieve from the outside world But it's only a teeny-weeny little fraction of what actually exists Look at the electromagnetic spectrum of light for example You can't see all the ultraviolet radiation, the infrared, x-rays This room is full of realities that you can't see Most of what you see is a fragment A teeny-incy-weensy little fragment of reality You can't see cosmic rays You can't see ultraviolet radiation So what I'm trying to tell you is that you live in an illusion It's a good illusion for survival But in terms of being able to see the full spectrum of reality as it exists No, there's no way So you think reality is everything Nope It's only a tiny tiny incy-weensy little fragment of reality And then talking about this reality That's a fantasy on top of a fantasy The first fantasy is that you think that what you see is real and everything That's the first fantasy The second fantasy is there's a fantasy within the first fantasy So you're you're going layer upon layer of fantasies Now let me give you another example Let's say you hear rustling in the forest You think it's a tiger there Nine times out of ten there's no tiger there But how come your senses are constantly alerting you to the tiger And that is evolution Evolution gives you the ability to see things that are not really there at all Because it's good for survival One time there is a tiger and it saves your butt In other words why are we here today We're here today because our senses are overactive Our senses think this is a lion There's a tiger there where there's no liner tiger there at all But it was good for our survival Okay, so our senses are only necessary for our survival That's what we cannot see infrared We cannot see ultraviolet We cannot see the whole spectrum of reality Radio everything we can't see at all Because it was not necessary for our survival Why does life matter in the universe Like what what function does life have in the universe I think we create our own meaning individually But one I think there's no universal meaning for life in general But I think each of us create our own meaning I was saying this because you were talking about you know survival And I was just wondering if there was some universal reason why survival is so Important to the universe Survival is important for the universe because we survival writes history If there's no survival there's nothing to write There's no memories, there's no stories to tell Nothing There's just the vacuum of space I was also asking that I guess because you were saying how We only see one version of reality And so one would assume therefore that there's another version of reality that we can't even see I mean, I've heard this before from physicists You know, if you just think about different animals The bat sees a different version of reality to the whale Like sonar for example Sonar for example Even my dog my dog seems to see a completely different version of reality than the one I see It smells much better than you All factory nerves of a dog are infinitely better than our All factory nerves in our nose They have a different reality I guess the biggest question like what is all of this then We're talking about the meaning of life For which I had no answer sorry about that I guess that was what I was asking but I wasn't asking That wasn't what I was intent on asking But that's the base question which is what's the point I'm not even sure if the universe has a point But my personal attitude is we create our own point We create our own world And meaning within that world It could be different from another person's meaning And understanding in the world But it's good enough for me What do you think of the um Humans sort of proclivity to imagine a god And to assign meaning and morality to that god and say well, you know Because we do have this we do live with this kind of god shaped hole In our lives where we don't really know where we came from We don't know what the point is So I understand why it's tempting to say This book that someone wrote once upon a time that says This person this thing created us And these are the rules And this is what good is this is what bad is This is what we get if we follow the rules You know as humans we want that Yes and I think there's a reason for that And the answer is evolution What holds animals together The alpha male The top dog As humans became more intelligent over millions of years Humans bicker We argue We challenge the leader And then tribes would fall apart Because you need some glue You need some glue to hold it together And if everyone becomes intelligent uniformly There's no glue anymore Everyone bickers I'm the leader No, I'm the leader So on and so forth So what happens is one person comes up and says I'm stronger than you And I talk to somebody even stronger than me God And if you disobey me Then God will strike you down In other words, God is a glue God is a glue that holds sentient beings together When there's no reason to hold them together anymore And they bicker And then the tribe falls apart What holds the tribe together God Who is God? Well, God is not here But the Son of God is here And the Son of God says You got to do this, you got to do this, you got to do this And you got to obey me Why? Because I'm the messenger I'm the Son of God So I think religion has a definite purpose The purpose of religion is a glue To hold sentient and intelligent beings together What do you think consciousness is? Consciousness, I think, is a question of awareness The ability to create ideas about You know, why I mean, what does it mean? Meaning to give meaning to things Otherwise, things become meaningless So I think that's the purpose of consciousness Is to give us an awareness of meaning Do you think these big questions will ever be answered Around like where we came from What the point is Do you think we'll ever have answers to these things? Probably not However, we have this instinctive urge To explore To look for new territories and new ideas And that is what I think keeps us going Animals do not have that You can't tell a dog, aren't you thrilled Of that we're going through this new New house, this new whatever, right And dog says No, just give me my dinner So I think that humans are different The purpose of the front part of our brain It's a rebel cortex That holds us together It's a time machine It asks the question What's going to happen in the future? If you don't believe me Go to your dog tonight And ask your dog What did he do last night? And the dog will just bark No interest in what happened Yesterday, it was happened tomorrow We constantly think about the future We can't help it We are constantly thinking about what's for dinner tomorrow Who's my friend, who's my enemy What's going to, what am I going to do next year What college do I'm going to go to? We are obsessed with the future That's what separates us from the animal kingdom Animals do not care about the future They just care about survival We are the other hand are obsessed with the future Because that's where our survival lies And why is that? Because we don't have claws We don't have fangs We don't have huge muscles We can't run very fast We can't fly We're not like the animals We are dependent upon the front part of our brain And that's what we ask these questions that you just asked Why are you asking these questions? Because your program to ask these questions Animals are not I mean, on the subject of intelligence There is now new types of intelligence Amongst us One of them is referred to as artificial intelligence Which is actually modeled on how the brain works You know, I've sat here with some of the experts in AI And they've told me that they learned a lot about the human brain And how it reasons And how it processes information With these neural nets as they call it Which is a concept that has been inspired by the brain And with that they've started to build these very intelligent machines Which a lot of people are now using In terms of large language models like traction BT But we're going further and further into the world of artificial intelligence So I mean, one would reason that The future looks very very different Because of this new type of intelligence And that it's going to accelerate Maybe a lot of the discoveries And you know, that we've pondered about today But also that it's going to change life as we know it And I mean some people even think that Human life won't be the dominant form of intelligence In such a world What do you think? Yes, I think that is a definite problem Right now, I think a lot of our robots Have the intelligence of a bug An insect They don't plan, they can't articulate their thoughts and so and so forth But they carry out orders very well But eventually it's only a matter of time before they become as smart as a mouse Then as smart as a rabbit Then as smart as a dog or a cat And finally as smart as a monkey At that point, they are potentially dangerous The AI models though That are available now are PhD level In terms of intelligence And no, you cannot talk PhD physics with them They're programmed They're programmed to have certain Ways of thinking about certain things But they're not original You can't come up with a new theory of physics Talking to a robot They basically take what is programmed into them And work with that Now eventually they may become creative Okay But I think that's going to take several decades before we are at that point When you say creative What's your definition of creative in that context Robots right now take what is available to them And rearrange things like writing a book Isn't that what humans do? Don't we take information and rearrange it? Oh yeah, but we come up with new ideas Based on that information The AI's can make a photo that has never existed before So is that by definition? On the basis of what did exist before In other words something new But basically a rearrangement of something that already existed So I'm saying you know the Michael Jackson documentaries just come out recently And you see Michael Jackson the way he moves And you look at it and go wow Like no one's ever moved like that before And then my friends sent me this video Which was What Michael Jackson was actually inspired by And it's this I'll throw it up on the screen so other people can see But it was something that came before Michael Jackson And it was this guy who moved in this very interesting way And when I watch this guy saw Michael Jackson And so you look at someone like Michael Jackson And you go oh my god an unbelievable creative genius artist But even he was inspired by By see if I can get it to play Even even he was inspired By this individual And then if I play it forward I mean This is how Michael Jackson moved Right The bottom line of art is mimicry That's the bottom line of art except you range things in an original way So it looks fresh And we're right in thinking that with Newton He Took the existing laws of physics And he was negligible And he proposed What was the physics before Newton And he proposed a question And then he tested that question and found an answer He asked himself a question How come the earth goes around the sun And he came up with an idea That was totally different from what people had had thought about before He came up with calculus He came up with the inverse square law So what I'm saying is true creativity comes from almost nothing And it's like a supernova Well creativity of a robot is imitative Now there's nothing wrong with that Because of course imitative artwork is still artwork But it's imitative Do you believe people like the big AI CEOs in Elon Musk When they say that AI will lead to new discoveries in science That's possible because there's so many laws of physics that are known That many of the new laws of physics are imitative And you rearrange them and combine them in different ways So it's possible that the big breakthroughs of the future Will be guided by breakthroughs of the past There's nothing wrong with that Are you concerned about AI at all? I'm concerned about AI in the larger perspective That one day they can learn to do things that are bad Learn to kill, learn to maim To harm people Realize that every invention that we've made in the past like the bow and arrow Could be used for good and bad Everything Okay The bow and arrow could be good for game, for food, for eating But a bow and arrow could be good for slaughtering your next star neighbor Any new invention has a double-edged sword to it And so I think that so far Most of the applications of artificial intelligence have been positive We're talking about labor costs, we're talking about creating wealth We're talking about making things faster, cheaper, better That's all great But you can also create artificial intelligence weapons as well And the battlefield is where it's happening And if you take a look at what's happening in the Ukraine And uh Russia Already we're talking about Aerial Weapons that can Use Wires To lock on to their target And they use artificial intelligence to guide them with this wire And they cannot be stopped using their usual techniques For every founder, there comes a point in building a company where your job shifts From being the person inside your business, Actioning everything to the person responsible for absolutely everything The only way I've been able to make this shift across the different companies and teams I'm responsible for Is by knowing that the right systems are in place to manage everything Systems that don't need me in order for them to work Our sponsor pipe drive is one of those systems An easy to use Intelligence CRM tool for growing sales teams My teams user and have for the last decade Because it's genuinely the most effective way to run a sales operation Through one dashboard you get every deal visible And every stage of the sales process is clear And what needs to happen next is all there in real time When a system like this works You don't need to be in every conversation To know exactly if your business is moving forward Where and what the blockers are Over 100,000 companies are already running their sales on it So if you'd like to join them Sign up at pipedrive.com slash CEO Where you'll get an exclusive 30 day free trial Instead of the usual 14 days No credit card is needed That's pipedrive.com slash CEO Much of the reason most people Haven't posted content or got their personal brand Is because it's hard and it's time consuming And we're all very very busy And if you've never posted something before There's so many factors in your psychology That stop you wanting to post What people will think of you Am I doing this right? Is the thing I'm saying absolutely stupid All of these result in paralysis Which means you don't post And your feed goes bare I'm an investor in a company called Stan Stort You've probably heard me talk about And what they've been building Is this new tool called Stanley That uses AI Looks at your feed, looks at your toner of voice Looks at your history Looks at your best performing posts And tells you what you should post Makes those posts for you You can also just use it for inspiration And sometimes what we need When we're thinking about doing a post for us Social media channels Is inspiration Building an audience has fundamentally changed my life And I think it could change yours too So I'm inviting you to give this new tool a shot And let me know what you think All you have to do is search coach.stan.store Now to get started Going back to this question Of the big bang and where we all came from If you had to Posit a guess As to what caused the big bang Would you land on this bubble bath theory That you talked about Where there's just lots and lots of universes Some of them are contracting and expanding Is that where you would personally land Probably If you take a look at empty space We now believe that empty space is frothing Frothing with little bubbles Bubbles that pop into existence And then annihilate and go back into nothingness again So even pure nothingness Is chalk fall of activity And one day we think One day one of these tiny little bubbles Decided not to go back into the vacuum But to keep on expanding And expanding And that became the big bang And so the theory says that the universe is dynamic And that universes have been created all the time What about Adam and Eve And this story What about Adam and Eve Do you don't think this story is true That there was a garden Adam and Eve Adamate the apple Put your clothes on Behave yourself And then you know We'll come from there Well I think there's evolution And evolution did create Life forms that are a single cell Multi-cell And then cells with a nervous system like fish And then this became land Moving organisms So I think there's a linear progression But you don't believe the stories told in the first testament of the Bible Around how humans came to be God created the world in seven days You don't believe that stuff Well I think it's a fairytale I think it's a very compelling fairytale But I think that even the people who teach religion Realize it as a metaphor That we don't really mean 24 hours in a day Because that deals with the earth In the universe There could be other worlds Where a day is not 24 hours A day does not look like what the Bible says in Genesis So I think it's a way to organize Through religion into a way that is digestible And people can understand it And it touches people Which is the purpose of religion The purpose of religion is to touch people To bring them together Into a commonality And that's what the story of Genesis does Religion in some sense is a way to Help people To show people guidance The good life So that you don't terrorize other people That you make life better for other people Not that it explains the meaning of existence But it gives you a reason for existence And you would consider yourself to be an atheist No I'm agnostic I believe that there's a lot of truth Because it's a way of behaving It's a way of learning how to be good to your neighbor Is a glue that holds things together Not that it gives meaning for life But it shows the way It shows the way And the subject of morality is often so intrinsically linked to religion Which is what is good and what is bad Where does your morality come from, Dr? Well, I was in the United States Army For two years And at that point I had to face death And I had to face war It was the height of the Vietnam War There were 500 GI's dying every week Every week Life magazine published an issue Where they had the pictures Just the pictures with no commentary Of all the GI's that died that week With no commentary No I told you so Just the pictures of those people that died And then I realized that I would have to put my life on the line Because my number was up And people were going into the military And people were realizing Well, war is the way people You know, work out their differences But then I began to realize being in the military That there is a morality there I began to realize that the people that we were fighting Had their own religion They had their own way of looking at good and evil and whatever And they were willing to sacrifice their life For their own freedom I began to question religion at that point Is it just a glue that holds people together Is there a deeper meaning to the whole thing So one day I was learning how to throw hand grenades And our sergeant who explained to us how to throw hand grenade Had scars on one side of his face Big scars on his neck And we asked him why And he said well one day A little bit the measboy came up to him And the measboy says Candy, candy you want candy And the GI says no no no get away from me I don't want candy Well the little boy showed what was in his hand It was a hand grenade It was not candy at all And the little boy threw the hand grenade at the sergeant Well the sergeant immediately saw what the danger was And he hit the ground as soon as he could flatten on the ground The grenade exploded and one half of his body Got satire with shrapnel And then you have to ask yourself a question Why would a young boy do something like this Is because he believed in something And I think there was a real big lesson for me And that is you have to believe in something You have to believe in the goodness of men And also the fact that men can do evil And you have to fight for what you think is right And therefore It's not just a question that we're number one We're going to win this war I used to sing a song in the morning I want to go to Vietnam I want to kill a Charlie Kong I used to sing that every morning at 4 o'clock in the morning And then I asked myself now why Were we on the right side of the wrong side And then at that point he began to question What is right and what is wrong And then you realize maybe I'm on the wrong side Maybe I'm on the wrong side I mean it goes back to all the conflict Happening at the moment because we're Ideologically captured by whatever Our own religious beliefs are And that's causing us to turn against each other Each other and cause so much pain And suffering in the world Do you think there's any chance that this could At all change Or is this just part of the human condition Well If you take a look at the human condition You realize that warfare has been an integral part Of our evolution as a species Even in the animal kingdom Animals will fight against other animals And so my hope however Is that we're different from the animals We have a brain We can make moral decisions Animals do not understand the meaning of a moral decision Animals is survival Is who is stronger Who has the food We don't necessarily have to engage in that conflict And so I would hope that we use the brain that we have To think through And create a better world One of the things I heard When I was very young about the universe And I guess this was inspired by some theory within physics Was that there are infinite amounts of worlds out there And I heard someone say if the world is infinite That means that there's someone like me A Stephen Bartlett Who has an identical life to me Up there somewhere out in the stars Who's living a identical life to mine Maybe other than instead of in this cup There's lemonade instead of coffee This is what they call it Is it called the many worlds theory Where they think there's theoretically A version of the many worlds theory But most many worlds theory simply says that there's an infinite number of universes and worlds out there None of them is necessarily identical to ours But independent of us That is a distinct possibility But if there's infinite numbers That means there's one just like this Identical to this Not necessarily You can have an infinite number of things that don't repeat So in other words You don't necessarily have to have Another civilization that is exactly like ours You could But it's not necessary If you believe in an infinite universe It's true I guess Do you think that's plausible That there's an infinite number? First of all When you look at the When you look at the night sky You're overwhelmed by the majesty of the night sky And then you realize that we're nothing but a dot A dot on the gigantic disk called the Milky Way Galaxy And if this is the Milky Way Galaxy Then here we are Thinking that this is the entire universe This is something with a pinpoint on the Milky Way Galaxy And how many galaxies are there We're talking about trillions of galaxies that are out there Each one containing roughly 100 billion stars How are we supposed to feel about this I did this some star tour A couple of months ago in LA where It all it was was a guy took me out to a field Not even a field It was the desert in Joshua Tree at nighttime And he just explained how far away all the stars are And then I looked through a telescope And he was like okay this thing you're seeing here is a galaxy And it's a gazillion miles that way And this one is a galaxy as big as the Milky Way And it's a gazillion miles that way It made me feel a lot of things It made me feel one Irrelevant from a cosmic perspective It also relieves one's anxiety If anyone's anxious about this life You kind of feel like you don't matter that much But also it can make you feel like it doesn't matter Like there's no point Because I think there's a certain ego to humans Where we want to think It really really really matters Now it might matter to us But does it actually matter to the universe The desire lives matter to the universe Well I like to think of it slightly differently I think on the other side of the Milky Way galaxy There's an alien Which writing the same equation that I'm writing down right now In different language In different notations But he's also discovering string theory And there are a lot of galaxies out there Each one with an individual saying Gee I think I discovered something new about the universe And these laws are universal The equations that I'm writing down right now Are identical in different language With equations that they're writing down Billions of light years from us And that gives me a sense of oneness It gives me a sense that wow We're part of a fellowship We're part of a camaraderie We're on the same quest A quest to understand the nature of matter and energy We're on the same boat Even though we're speaking different language Even though we're on different sides of the universe We're all part of the same club Don't you think it's plausible that we're going to destroy ourselves before we We have to figure that out throughout Or before we get to meet these aliens Because the technology we've been able to create so far Like nuclear weapons and even things like AI You play this forward Just on you know you talked about probabilities being the most important thing The probability that one of these egomaniacs Who has the launch codes for a nuclear weapon At some point decides That they're unhappy or they feel threatened Is pretty high if you just extend time I mean the probability goes up theoretically with every year that passes That someone is going to Do make a mistake that wipes us out And the more advanced our science gets Presumably, I mean again, I'm just theorizing The high the probability that we create something that can destroy ourselves Well, I like to look at a study differently I say to myself, who is the smallest unit of history And I say it's the decade Anything smaller than a decade you get random fluctuations, noises, accidents, taking place on a decade But if you look at human history decade by decade by decade You realize it. Oh my god. Just a few decades ago It was horse and buggy Before that we we just had plows Before that we were barbarians And you begin to realize that we've come a long ways Not that we hit the end But we come a long ways just in the decade by decade analysis Of the history of the human race And we've got closer to being able to destroy ourselves That that's true too Because before we couldn't destroy ourselves Now for the first time in human history We have the potential of destroying ourselves with designer germs With nuclear weapons With perhaps artificial intelligence We didn't have that capability before And it's only been in the last 80 years or so As a consequence So I think that first of all It means that every decade tremendous progress is made There's no doubt about that But second run a knife stage You tilt it the wrong way And there's world war You tilt it the other way And there's food and luxury for everyone And it's up to us to decide which way the knife will go But my point is decade by decade We see the enormous progress that we humans have made The next question is what about the next few decades That's a big question mark Do you think humanity are going to be able to travel out there amongst the stars And become multi-planetary Like someone like Elon Musk is planning Well I think it's for certain that we're going to go Not just to the moon but to Mars And maybe even beyond that Maybe not in our lifetime But in our grandchildren's lifetime We may break through and visit other planets within our solar system Now to go beyond that We require some sort of warp drive Because of the fact that the nearest Star is probably orbiting Alpha Centauri Which is four and a half light years away from the planet Earth So you realize you would take hundreds of thousands of years To begin the colonization of the nearby star systems If you could answer any one mystery of the universe You know, I just I had it down here the answer What would you seek to answer? Well, it's what I'm seeking for my entire life And that is we want that one equation Which is the secret of the universe We have the electromagnetic force equation That's like half an inch long We have the equation for gravity that's also about half an inch long So why not the theory of everything Maybe an inch long We're not there yet But I think it does exist And if we were to find it That would give us understanding of the entire universe And I think we're very close You think we're close I think we're close What makes you think we're close Because so far the theories that we do have almost like magic You look at the history of the equations of physics And you realize they get simpler and simpler and simpler with time You can write down Newton's equation Bachelors equations The equation for the nuclear force on one sheet of paper One sheet of paper The force that governs gravity We don't have that yet But we have the other forces And the equations are very simple And that's why I think that the final equation Will also be simple One of the things that sometimes inspires me is That when you look at nature Or when you look at something like the human brain You see the same patterns as you see When you look up out of the stars And I mean I'm so fascinated by the nature of the human brain Because it seems to be so so powerful And it also seems to have patterns We see in the wider universe Do you ever think about this About the brain and how astonishing it is as a thing Well when I look at the animals That makes me triply impressed The fact that animals cannot share in that That we see a universe that the animals cannot see We see patterns We see meaning We give rhyme and reason to what we see With animals it's just where's my dinner Do you think the brain is as fascinating as the universe is fascinating I think the universe is more fascinating No matter how fast we are with physics And the mathematics of physics Pure mathematics is still more More profound You wrote this book called the physics of the future How science will shape human destiny And our daily lives by the year 2100 If I was alive in 2100 Based on everything you know about physics What am I likely to see experience How is life likely to be different in that future Well I think we'll probably be on the moon Maybe in tomorrow's And perhaps even dream about setting the first space probes Even beyond that We're talking about being able to Use artificial intelligence to send probes out there Of course, we're not going to go to the stars That's That's a few hundred years into the future But I think that we will begin to understand the solar system within this century And this also means that we'll have artificial intelligence Took a cure for cancer And maybe one will aid the other Maybe artificial intelligence will help us to cure cancer And many diseases And longevity Perhaps will begin the process of solving the immortality crisis Do you think we will be able to live forever in the near future I think there's a possibility that we may have an indefinite lifespan I think that's the possibility And you think it's possible within the laws of I guess physics and biology Yes At the end of our chromosomes every cell There's something called the telomers And the telomers are like a clock They get shorter every time a cell reproduces And when the telomer gets so short It phrase falls apart and you die So we have a time limit We've also discovered telomerase A chemical that stops the clock This was incredible when it was first announced That if there's a clock in our body Called the telomers That tracks how long we're going to live And there's something called telomerase Which stops the clock Then can we live forever Well that was the good news Then the bad news was We found out that most of our to our shock Cancer also uses telomers and telomerase to live forever Why does cancer kill you Because they are immortal In principle they could they could live forever And so it means that The secret of immortality is tantalizing close We do know that there are cells that make immortality possible But there's a price to pay The price to pay is you don't want cancers to also follow you So here's the trick of the game We have a whole bunch of Top people in the sciences and medicine Looking for ways to extend the human life span with the telomers Without waking up The cancers that make cancer possible One of the things you wrote a book about two years ago and three years ago now in 2023 And that's when it was published Is this thing here? That's right What is this? This is The future This is a quantum computer It's a computer that computes not on transistors Which is old-fashioned It computes on atoms Think about that The ultimate object Beyond the transistors that you can compute with is the atom And how do transistors work Transistors can be up or down Up or down it's called digital Can you demonstrate that on that and this is your other? Yeah, so think of this as a cell And the cell could either be switched on Yeah Or a switched off If you take a computer and open it up What do you find? Switches like this They call transistors Transistors that tell you whether it's on Or off Now that's digital This is the revolution of today This is the revolution of tomorrow Not just up or down of in between How many states are there between 0 and 1 In principle an infinite number of states between 0 and 1 So this is the basis of a digital computer This is the basis of a quantum computer Quantum computers are so powerful But even the CIA is worried That one day perhaps in the future They'll be so powerful They'll be able to break into any known digital code So even the CIA is worried about the fact that these could become so powerful That they'll allow you to break into any known computer So these are called quantum computers Why are they powerful? Because they compute not on transistors They compute on atoms And you can't get much smaller than an atom And have stable matter But that's what quantum computers can do And they exist This is not science fiction They already exist So just to simplify this in a way that I can understand it Normal computers are very very simple like this switch They kind of exist in a linear direction Up or down On or off Kind of binary yes or no That's right Whereas a quantum computer is more like this It can process information in so many different directions At the same time So that it's going to be way more powerful Way more powerful Way faster And I was looking recently in Google Did an announcement Not actually this year Where they basically set a deadline for the cyber security world And they started to warn governments And banks and other tech giants That because they have a quantum computer now That is very very powerful They're worried that it will be able to crack A lot of the digital world that we all rely on Including banks Even bitcoin Which is quite interesting And they've set 2029 As the The deadline for everybody to get their shit together This is a massive threat to things like bitcoin Which is Bitcoin is essentially secured by a Equation That they believe Quantum computers are going to be able to very easily crack And if they do that Then everyone's bitcoin for example Is Atgepity But beyond bitcoin What does the world look like in a world Where we have these incredible computers Well first of all who's doing this work And it turns out the CIA Is following this work very carefully Because with this you'll be able to crack any code Why is it that a thief cannot steal your bank account today Is because that thief does not have your digital code If a thief has your digital code There goes your life savings at the window Capitalism would vanish Society would come to a halt There'd be civil war It'd be all sorts of chaos taking place But Codes are there Not to be broken To break a code You have to have another code And so the CIA And other organizations create these Very complicated codes That you have to master Quantum computers Can do it But we're not there yet But it's coming I don't know when Some people say in a few decades Some people say sooner I don't know I just know that the world is gambling That we'll find a way to stop Quantum computers From breaking into digital computers You've been working on physics for the last What we said What 71 years As a kid I was reading about how you Started making your own Atom smasher I guess you'd call it a particle collider machine That's right When I was in high school That's a very strange thing for a high school kid to be doing Well, I was fascinated by the work of Einstein And the work of people working as subatomic particles And I got interested in antimatter Antimatter Antimatter is the opposite of matter When I combine matter and antimatter I get a bomb So you have to be very careful That you don't marry matter with antimatter And antimatter behaves the opposite of ordinary matter If ordinary matter goes clockwise and magnetic field Antimatter goes counterclockwise In that same magnetic field And so as a science project I wanted to photograph the tracks of antimatter So I got hundreds of miles of copper wire Built a cloud chamber And I was able to prove That I could photograph the tracks of antimatter And for that I went grand prize at the San Francisco Science Fair And that began my career Just before I graduated from high school I decided to top that by creating an atom smasher At 2.3 million electron volt beta electron particle accelerator It consumed 6 kilowatts of power Everything that my mother's house had It would absorb And that was the goal To build a machine that would create my own beam of antimatter So I got started very early And I said to myself this is for me This is what I want to do for a living Every time I've tried to improve something in my life Like my 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research It's $365 for a yearly membership Go to functionhealth.com slash DOAC And use the code DOAC25 for $25 off your membership I've done almost 700 interviews with some of the most interesting people in the world And one of the things you learn which is unexpected Is that vulnerability is the doorway to connection And after sitting here for two, three hours with a guest I feel a deep sense of connection to them And as they leave, what I get them to do Is to write a question in the diary of a CEO We've taken all of the questions from the DiRiver CEO We have put the question here on this card With the name of the person that wrote it So you can sit at home as I do with my fiance And my colleagues at work and other people in my life Whenever we get a minute We play the DiRiver CEO conversation cards And it is incredible what happens These are great if you're in a romantic relationship And you want to connect your partner more These are also great if you're in a team And you want to bond your team together And I have to say they're also great for families That want to learn more about each other And that need a good excuse to spend some time in a digital world In the analog environment Connecting human to human It is remarkable What the right question at the right time can do Go to the diary.com And you can get these conversation cards right now Is there anything you discovered through your work in physics That changed your day to day behavior And life How you treat people How you show up What you think matters No But the one thing that did change my attitude toward life Other people was being in the army Yeah that was a game changer that changed Everything I knew Which I thought I knew Before then I was single mindfully focused on physics Just physics Do physics well That was my life But after seeing warfare up close I began to realize this more to life Than warfare I think I asked this in part Because last time I spoke to a physicist And he talked to me about how the nature of reality Is not what I think it is And that there's multiple I guess dimensions And that I'm only seeing a fraction of what is real Which I think all physicists agree upon it It sounds a bit like a conspiracy theory or something But actually Logically it makes a lot of sense To only see what you need to see to survive And actually What you see your conception of the three-dimensional world Is only the tiniest sliver of actually exists And when I heard that It made me open-minded To a lot of the things I thought were conspiracy nonsense It made me open-minded to ghosts Maybe ghosts are real Well I wouldn't go that far Well you know Maybe another dimension where there's another There's spirits that can see me but I can't see them Well there could be other social dimensions That's within the realm of possibility What do you think happens when we die Do you think that's it Or do you think there are There's a possibility that there's ghosts And that our spirit Our soul goes somewhere I don't see it happening Because your brain, your personality Your thoughts are electrical And when you die The electricity turns off There's nothing propelling Thinking anymore Thinking requires a lot of energy Even ghosts, it was still required a lot of energy To keep the thoughts going But that's why I don't believe in ghosts Because I don't see an energy source That propels the ghosts People talk a lot about spirituality They talk about things like shakras And a lot of spiritual people talk about vibrations It's a phrase that I often hear in the spiritual communities Do you believe in anything like that In terms of Humans having energies And being able to fear each other's energies Well, I think that a person emanates a certain aura or a vibe That doesn't necessarily mean they're radiating something Is there any physics behind that idea I think it's psychological That you are tuned Toed into a certain personality A certain way of movement I think it's psychological Rather than physical What is something you believe that you haven't proven Well, there's a lot of things that haven't been proven All I can say is maybe, maybe not Like flying saucers I don't say they don't exist or they exist I'm saying maybe I just haven't seen concrete evidence for them, that's all So there's a lot of things that I'm not going to definitely say no when I ghosts I don't think there are ghosts But I can't prove it Maybe there is some after life is some sort But it does go against what is measurable We've seen no measurement Of somebody that has been able to pick up vibrations from a ghost How would you like to be remembered? Someday, long after you're gone Do you care about being remembered? Do you care about legacy? Well, I care about leading a good life that I feel comfortable with And if you If you're books and your teachings and your lectures If they live on beyond you, that's a bonus It means that you had an impact It means you touched people You touched people's lives with ideas And when I go down the street, quite a few people come up to me And they say, I saw you on this show, I saw you on that show And that gives me a nice feeling Of course, after I'm gone, there's nothing to feel But while you're still alive, it gives you a nice feeling Know that you've had an impact Knowing that you've changed somebody's life Several people have come up to me and said, I became a physicist because of you So that's a nice Nice way to view reality That you touch people Is there anything that you used to think was a conspiracy theory That you now know to be true? Well, I like to debunk So as soon as someone says something, I'll landish I say to myself, sure, sure But that's what I mean, you're a debunker So at some stage in your life, you must have had the experience Of thinking something can't be true And being proven wrong Usually when I make predictions, they come out to be true Maybe the timeline is a little bit exaggerated But they turn out to be true So I haven't made any predictions or observations That were later shown to be false What predictions are you making now then about the nature of reality in the future Well, I talk about the nature of string theory in the future Whether or not we really will have a theory of everything Flying saucers, I talk about the fact that Even though we have no evidence today You know, there's a mountain of these things being declassified now Maybe we'll pick up shreds of evidence Did you look at the declassified information that Trump released on UFOs? Yeah, I look at the whole vast 160 or so sightings Was there anything in there that was compelling to you? No, just light-stancing in the sky without any commentary So you don't know what they are But they could be extraterrestrial But you see, these things are too dimensional They're taking by a camera Which is flattened the image Therefore the judge's distance is very tricky Do you believe that you're looking at extraterrestrial life forms When you watch these videos of UFOs? I'm open to the idea I don't think there's any smoking gun yet But I'm open to the idea that these are extraterrestrial You see some of them going up and then down And then into the ocean and coming back up again When you watch that, do you think these are aliens Would you just think it's people that have misunderstood what they're looking at? I leave open the probability that it could be one or the other There's no aha moment Where I say that it's nothing but reflection It's nothing but an optical illusion There's no aha moment If you had to bet everything you love and cherish On either side of the fence That non-human life had made contact with the earth at some point in some form Or not Which side would you place everything you love and care about? On yes, aliens have made contact with the earth in some form or no Well, I would have to say I don't know If you had to I know it's a cop out But you know, if everything was on the line One would have to move Yet to yes or no And I would personally I would personally probably say Probably no If you made me bet everything I'd say maybe yes You'd say yes But no, no, no, no, maybe yes Very important the word maybe I'm a semi-scientist And somebody's going to use that against me By saying you said on television that this and this is true No, I said maybe That doesn't mean it actually is true It just means I open the possibility that it's true But if you were held at gunpoint, doctor And at gunpoint they said Right You've got to say yes or no And if you're right or wrong That determines your fate I would have to say maybe I know what you're getting at You want to like, you know, corner of the fox, right Yeah, wait to some degree Yeah, I'm trying to corner the fox But I'm doing it to understand Where your intuition Or your bias lands Because I see there's not enough conclusive evidence There's no aha moment I do see a lot of babies A lot of babies Hmm Yeah, I think I mean, I think that's probably the Intellectually honest answer Is maybe But if I was forced to fall on one side of the fence I'd probably say No Because I don't have enough conviction to say yes I see no evidence to say yes Other than You know, some sightings of some things But I'm open-minded Maybe it'll change Doctor, we have a closing tradition on this podcast Where the last guest leaves a question for the next guest Not knowing who they're leaving it for And the question left for you In my diary is What is the best strategy to deal with failure I think the best strategy to deal with failure is Try it again I think on the first try You're bound to make mistakes Because it's a learning curve And that learning curve is Is instructive It teaches you It teaches you to try it again But make a slight change Make a slight change And hope that changes in the right direction If not, make another change And see where that puts you in the right direction If you could go back to when you were That seven-year-old kid that was just getting into physics Yeah, eight-year-old Eight-year-old And give him any advice That would best serve him for the next 70 years What advice would you have given him? I'd say carry on I've made a lot of decisions that I feel good about Decisions that made me a better person For example, when I went into the army At that point, I thought, what could be worse Than facing death on the battlefield To die on some unnamed hill In some unnamed land And then I began to realize, well, yeah, that's a possibility But there's another possibility that you may survive That you may learn from that experience If you're not here to learn Okay, so be it But if you are here to learn You gain wisdom By being in the military And that, I think, is a positive thing We were talking about UFOs An alien life At the start of this conversation And one of the questions that's adjacent to it Is if alien life Were to come here at some point Do you think they would have them pithy for us Would you think that's Potentially human trick Do you think they, you know, because in the movies they attack us Well, if I were to shoot in the dark I'd say, first of all, they're robotic They're not organic at all Really? Because they exhibit maneuvers That would crush the bones Of any living creature that we know of These fine sauces can zigzag They can die from 70,000 feet all the way down They can dive underwater These require skills and tensions And vibrations that would crack Any known US device in half And there they are, executing these things Either they're fake Or they're access-restraile So I think that they have a technology That we can only dream of So when we're looking at these UAP images and videos If they are to be real Then you're saying there's no life in them at all It's actually just Machine intelligence That's right In fact, that's probably one reason why they don't come out In greed is like in the movies In the movies they always come out and say Hello, Earthman No, I personally think they're robotic This question of empathy Do you posit that they might be empathetic Do you posit they would want to destroy us? I mean, what would... Will they destroy us or will they want to The answer I think is no Because they could have done it years ago You realize that if you go back even the Bible Makes reference to a UFO If you take a look at Ezekiel Ezekiel saw the wheel in the sky And some people say there was no wheel That was at UFO So who knows for sure But if the aliens really wanted to destroy us They could have done it years ago They don't have to wait But if you go to a zoo Even if the zoo is lifelike To the point where the animals themselves Don't even know they're in a zoo It's peaceful That you can observe them Without necessarily Ealing your presence And in that sense It could be like living in a zoo Nothing they want to gawk at us and laugh at us But just observe us So you think that they won't want to distress Which is comforting to hear I think if they had the chance to destroy us And they wanted to They could have done it decades ago But here we are It's an interesting idea When you talked about this extraterrestrial life Potentially being robotic It does... It kind of makes sense to me Because We're on a course to create humanoid robots And robots that can... I was actually watching this morning There's a video that one of these humanoid robot Companies are streaming And it's their streaming A humanoid robot working On a production line for four hours straight So everybody can watch And all it's doing is sorting packages out But it's been going for four days straight And if you play this forward You go This robot can go Walk across the office And it can charge itself back up Once it runs out of battery And then they show it going back to work again When I say a plate for what I mean Imagine this technology continues to improve The trajectory it's on The battery technology gets better The intelligence gets better And then theoretically This robot will be able to build a spaceship Theoretically And travel into the universe Theoretically at some point If you imagine any rate of improvement So it's theoretical That a human's might not be able to survive The crushing forces of that speed But a robot could My personal attitude is That we should eventually merge with them Merge with the robots That's right That's my personal feeling Because people talk about whether they're good Whether they're bad Or so on and so forth Well the bottom line is They're going to become more powerful And not now But who knows maybe in the next century They'll begin to make reasonable choices They'll reason They'll plot future histories And at that point They could be potentially dangerous So what do we do Either we become super powerful And meet the challenge Or we merge with them When you say merge with them What do you mean Become like that Become part robotic herself Become superhuman As in when we're born as kids Maybe we have an implant And it makes us tense us into a robot Or Yeah in other words We are still Looking the same Except we have superhuman abilities And our brain is connected either Directly or by remote control To a central nervous system That does the calculations And perform these calculations Much better than we can And we become superhuman This is the video I'm talking about This is actually a live video So this is live as we're watching What they've got is they've got a human being Here Who's sorting the packages And they've got They've got the humanoid robot Here And they're just counting How many packages each of them can sort And this robot has been doing this For four days straight Yeah Anyway, you play this forward And it asks a big question About the future of humanity When there's humanoid robots there I think menial jobs Will go out the window Like this Jobs that are repetitive Jobs that just require your arms and legs Those jobs will be gradually phased out And new jobs will open up New jobs that require thinking Human relations Organizing Directing other people Robots can't do any of that stuff Robots simply do what they're told to do Repetitively Okay We make decisions We know how to interface with other things We plot We plan Robots can't do that Now that is mean they can't eventually But it just means that the next step Beyond this Will be robots that can do a little bit of mental work And it means that we have to retrain the workforce So that they can become Masters of the robots In other words, we are masters of tools Hammeres, saws, whatever We're the master of them They're not the master of us Okay We tell the hammer and the chisel What to do because we Blowered over them Have you used AI agents before? I used AI before But not necessarily Which agent are you talking about? So I've got like on my phone I can say I need a new umbrella for my patio outside my house Yeah And it'll go on the internet Look at the prices Or look at everything Yeah, well I can just type on the computer screen A question And the computer will come up with an answer But you were talking about planning there So I was saying that the agent basically makes a plan And then it spends a couple of It could spend an hour executing that plan Oh you mean not just coming up with the plan But actually executing the plan It can do both But I'm just saying you were talking about how Humans have this You know This ability to make decisions I'm saying that the AI agent is making decisions Like a human would No, you tell them what to do The computer is probably programmed To look for a reference Like in a cyclopedia A handbook The internet In other words, if you say I want to know the best car It'll carry that out By looking at the internet Going through different cars It doesn't need you to tell that But if you were to ask something more complicated Go to the supermarket and buy these amigs No robot can do that Have you been to LA? Because if you're in LA There's all these robots Strolling around the streets Delivering food They deliver food in LA Oh yeah, but that's just crawling on a sidewalk That's what humans do I thought you meant driving a car Driving a car and going up the stairs And whatever That's just going on a sidewalk Which is what a human does Yeah, but humans can do a lot more Thank you so much doctor I appreciate your time today And I've learnt so much about All of these fascinating things And as always when I listen to your content I find myself more curious about the nature of reality And I realize how little we know Which makes me and I guess thousands of other people that have followed your work Girls going through your videos early on And so many of the top comments are People saying that you're the reason they Worked harder in their physics classes All right Yeah, I was on there a couple of the podcasts that you've been on And so many of the top comments say exactly that They say you're the reason I worked harder You're the person that made me more curious And I just think that's such a wonderful thing Because as you said at the start Physics is the basis of everything Yeah And the more we understand the better the lives we could live Right Yeah, I can't believe Thank you so much Okay, well thank you You